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What can actually be automated in a small business, and what first?

Pretty much anything can be automated. The better question is what is worth it: start with the thing that hurts most for the least effort, and bring as much across in one go as you can.

Illustration from above: a woman sits cross-legged on a timber floor, chin in hand, surrounded by a ring of paperwork and office chores, reaching for the one sheet picked out in coral.

Honestly, pretty much anything can be automated. The better question is what's worth automating, so look at cost against value, and at what is really causing you pain.

That's different for everyone. For one person, the pain is that they're still running the business on Excel, Word and email. Nobody without access to their sheets can see what's going on, there's no revision control, no proper backups, and it can't adapt as the business grows.

For another person, it's forms. You'd be surprised how many people still fill them out by hand, then copy the answers into a sheet, send emails manually, and have no way of keeping track of their customers.

For someone else, it's the receptionist call.

So start with the lowest-hanging fruit, the thing that hurts most for the least effort, and work from there. That's the minimum.

Illustration from above: the same woman kneels on a floor almost covered in forms, invoices, envelopes, a phone, a calendar and a laptop, holding up two sheets side by side to compare them, one coral and one navy.
Everything on the floor could be automated. Pick the one that hurts most for the least effort.

Ideally, though, we'd automate as much as we can. Software is best built on a clean slate, and any modification or migration adds development time, complexity and cost. The more you can bring across in one go, the cleaner and cheaper it is than patching things on later.

Illustration from above: two identical desks side by side. The left holds one laptop, a mug and a pen. The right is buried under three mismatched monitors, two keyboards, a printer, a router on a stack of manuals and a tangle of cables through daisy-chained power boards.
Built once on a clean slate, or patched together over the years. The second desk cost more.
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